We all have the occasional stomach ache or gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort. But if the problem becomes persistent or the pain gets worse, it’s time to seek a medical evaluation – it may be an issue in the intestines, or bowels.
The two most frequently diagnosed types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Let’s take a deeper look into these two conditions, what they are, and how they can be treated.
Types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The two main types of IBD are both marked by a chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. This inflammation acts as a trigger for a host of intestinal issues that can cause bloating, blood in the stool, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and cramping. It can also trigger non-intestinal issues such as fever, weight loss, and delayed growth (in children).
One of the main differences between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is where the problems occur. Crohn’s doesn’t discriminate; it causes widespread inflammation that permeates all the way through the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Ulcerative colitis specifically affects the large intestine (colon) and rectum, causing sores (ulcers) in these organs.
Both Crohn’s and IBD can cause some of the same initial symptoms, including:
- Diarrhea
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
What Causes GI Problems?
In many ways, gastrointestinal disorders are an enigma for both the physician and the patient. Their exact cause is unknown, so pinpointing ways to remedy them can be cumbersome.
Researchers have discovered that genetics and our family medical history can play a role in our propensity for developing IBD. Those with a sibling or parent with Crohn’s may be more likely to have similar struggles. The Cleveland Clinic reports that up to 25 percent of people with IBD have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with the disease.
There is also an autoimmune element to these GI conditions. In those with healthy immune systems, the body wards off infection and disease by attacking pathogens (the disease-carrying culprits). However, those with inflammatory bowel disease experience a perpetual battlefield in which the immune system attacks the body’s own digestive tract; this causes inflammation to occur even when no threat is present.
Studies show that risk factors include age and race: Most people are diagnosed before age 30, and certain ethnicities – such as Ashkenazi Jews – are more susceptible. Some factors are within your control and may be adjusted, such as cigarette smoking and certain pain medications, which can both exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease.
Testing for IBD
If your physician suspects that you may have IBD, they will conduct a series of diagnostic tests. Blood tests and stool samples are beneficial for ruling out anemia or signs of other infections or bacteria.
One of the best ways to determine whether a GI disorder is in play is through the use of endoscopic procedures, such as having an endoscopy or a colonoscopy.
Gastroenterologists in Texas
If you’re dealing with the discomfort of IBD, seek the advice of a reputable expert. Since 1980, our physicians at Austin Gastroenterology have been diagnosing and treating a wide variety of GI diseases.
We harness the most cutting-edge techniques to deliver unparalleled, personalized care to our patients. For more information or to schedule an appointment, call us at our location nearest you or fill out our online appointment request form. We look forward to taking care of whatever ails you so you can get back to enjoying life.
